西部退耕还林经济补偿机制研究

A Discussion on the Economic Compensation System for Conversion of Cropland to Forestland in the Western China

以会泽县和清镇市为例 ,通过 1 0个乡镇 ,2 9个村委会 ,2 0 0多个农户 ,1 6 0多个非农户的调查 ,取得第一手资料 ,分析退耕还林对退耕农户的影响 ,结果表明 :第一 ,在接受补偿的这 5～ 8a里 ,退耕农户的收入将明显提高 ,激发了农民退耕的积极性。但受比较经济利益的影响 ,大部分退耕户重补偿政策的优惠 ,轻管护林子的义务 ;第二 ,退耕后绝大部分农民并无兴趣提高土地的集约化水平 ,他们对国家的补贴依赖性强 ,一旦停止钱粮补助 ,林地还未到效益期 ,将失去生活来源。因此 ,建立和完善退耕还林经济补偿机制 ,对进一步调动农民和相关部门参与生态建设的积极性 ,巩固退耕还林成果 ,持续开展退耕还林工程具有重要意义。文中对西部退耕还林经济补偿机制及运行进行了初步探讨 。

Data were collected from 10 small town、29 villages、more than 200 farmers and 160 non\|farmers in Huize County and Qingzhen City. Taken Huize County and Qingzhen City as examples,the effects of the conversion of cropland to forestland on peasants' life were analyzed. Results showed: Firstly,replaced farmers were compensated within 5 to 8 years, their income would be increased obviously and their initiative in conversion of cropland to forestland would be aroused. However, influenced by economic interests, most of them paid more attention to the rights of compensation policy, ignored duties of forest management. Secondly,after replaced land, most of them were not interested in increasing the level of intensive farming for the surplus cultivated land, and heavily dependened on subsidy of the state.Once cash and grain subsidy were stopped, the income from their forest land was not available, they would remain poverty. Therefore, to establish and consummate the economic compensation system of the conversion of cropland to forestland would play very important role for both the peasants and relative sectors, promoting the participation of ecological construction and strengthening the achievement of the conversing cropland to forestland. The mechanism of economic compensation and implementation for the conversion of cropland to forestland in the Western China were discussed and the countermeasures for establishing and consummating the mechanism were also summarized.