从实体自我到对话自我的后现代转向

The Postmodern Turn from Entity Self to Dialogical Self

实验社会心理学方法难以进入个人的、精神的过程,导致外部行为取代了个人的意义与情感,一般性代替了个别性与独特性。心理分析—动力学取向和人本主义方法取向在反思性上的一个共同之处是能够在全部的复杂性中抓住自我的主观性和每一独特的个人的经验世界,在对人的自我的精神世界的研究中显示出更多的优势。社会建构主义把语境、语言作为自我的关注点,承认语言在形成和建构自我与认同中的核心作用。叙事对于研究者来说,可以成为一把钥匙,打开被研究者锁藏着的自我的"现实"与"历史"的内核,并把它作为一个叙事的建构来发现和理解。

This paper reviews the turn and movement of self concept from entity self as a realist concept to relational self and dialogical self as a postmodern concept, and of the attention from the nature of self to constructing the self. The paper also discusses the self construction through the inner social interaction in the dialogical context within the narrative frame. The effective function of narrative in the meaning exploring and self constructing is also the focus of this paper.