20世纪乡土小说的创作形态及其新变

Forms of Creation and the Changes in the 20th Century Local-color Novels

从1920年开始,20世纪的中国乡土小说走过了80余年的历程。在不同文化思想的影响下,作家们秉承着不同的创作立场和创作方法,形成了乡土小说的多重创作形态。其中有鲁迅开创的文化批判型,茅盾为中坚的政治功利型,废名和沈从文倡导的文明怀旧型,还有赵树理为代表的乡村代言型。不同的创作形态体现出不同的审美追求和艺术特点,相互之间也构成了复杂的关系。90年代后,乡土小说创作形态呈现出新的发展和变异。

Since 1920 the 20^(th) century local-color novels has been developing for over 80 years. Under the influence of different cultural thoughts the writers have created multiple forms in local-color novels by adopting different standpoints and writing methods. Among them are the style of cultural figure, the style of cultural criticism established by LU Xun, the style of political gains with MAO Dun as the central figure, the style of nostalgic civilization advocated by FEI Ming and SHEN Cong-wen, and the style of rural mouthpiece represented by ZHAO Shu-li. Within and between different forms, there arises a tension which is not only contradictory but also harmonious at the same time. In the late 1990s,new development and variations occurred in the forms of creation of the Chinese local-color novels.