布伯道德思想简论

On Martin Buber′s Moral Philosophy

马丁·布伯从人的"对话性"入手,从哲学人类学和宗教哲学两个方面探讨了人类的道德行为和道德价值。他把"我"、"你"的对话比喻为"狭窄山脊"上的相遇,这种相遇显示了人生的意义和无意义,世事的有常和无常,人类的有价值和无价值的双重结构。在他看来,绝对的善和绝对的恶都是没有的,我们永远处在善与恶之间。他认为,人的道德的终极来源不是人自己,我们不可能自己为自己立下道德律,人也不能仅靠自己就能够拯救自己;人必须倾听上帝发出的道德命令。通过启示的方式,我们发现了绝对的价值,明白了人生的意义。

In accordance with the dialogical reality of human beings Martin Buber researched human moral actions and moral values from the perspectives of philosophical anthropology and philosophy of religion. He regarded the dialogue between I and Thou as the meeting on a narrow ridge, which displays the meaningfulness and meaninglessness of human life, the stability and change of world affairs, and the value and valuelessness of human beings. There is no absolute good or evil. We always exist between the good and the evil. Man cannot set down moral orders for himself and he cannot save himself by his own powers either. Man must listen to the moral order from God. By revelation we discover the absolute values and understand the meaning of human life.