天南星的抑菌作用及其机理研究

Study on Bacteriostatic action and Mechanism of Arisaema consanguineum Schott

以天南星块茎的醇提物对革兰氏阴性菌,大肠埃希氏菌、鸡大肠杆菌、猪大肠杆菌和革兰氏阳性菌,金黄色葡萄球菌、藤黄微球菌、腊状芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌进行了敏感性实验。结果表明:天南星醇提物对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌都有明显的抑制作用,抑菌谱广;其抑菌活性主要成分为皂甙。扫描电镜观察,天南星醇提物对大肠埃希氏菌的菌体结构造成破坏,菌体缢缩变形,直至其缢缩成为颗粒状残体而死亡;透射电镜观察,药物作用下大肠埃希氏菌的细胞质固缩,导致质壁分离,并随药物作用时间增长细胞质解体出现空腔,部分细胞壁缺失,细胞膜破裂;SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明在此醇提物作用下,大肠埃希氏菌表达的总蛋白含量下降,而且大分子蛋白下降尤为明显,有些蛋白谱带消失(如R1,R6);绘制出正常大肠埃希氏菌和药物作用下菌的对比生长曲线,可见这种抑菌作用主要发生在对数生长期,其机理可能是抑制细胞的分裂;实验发现,天南星醇提物对鸡大肠杆菌和猪大肠杆菌的抑制作用强烈,有代替抗生素防治鸡大肠杆菌病和猪大肠杆菌病的应用潜力。

Bacteriostatic action of Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol on Escherichia coli ATCC11411、Escherichia coli 01 C84010,Escherichia coli k88 C83905、Staphylococcus aureus ATCC26112、Microccus luteus ATCC28001,Bacillus cereus ATCC63501 and Bacillus pumilus ATCC63202 was studied experimentally.The results showed the extracts had obvious action in bacteriostasis upon Gram-positive and Gram-negtive bacteria and bacteriostatic spectrum was wide.Primarily analysis indicated spaonins element of its Arisaema consanguineum Schott was the principal material for bacteriostatic action.Observation under scanning electron microscope revealed that the structure of Escherichia coli was destroyed by the extracts,and Escherichia coli changed shapes,lastly,constricted into little particles and died. Observation under transmission electron microscope revealed that cytoplasm was concentrated,cell membrane was separated from cell wall,then cell membrane was broken down into cavity,a part of cell wall was disappeared and cell membrane was broken.The results of SDS-PAGE showed that the total protein content in Escherichia coli decreased,especialy the proteint of large molecule,some of them disappeared.Drafted contrast growth curves of normal Escherichia coli and of the Escherichia coli effected by the extracts,showed bacteriostatic action mainly produced at logarithmic phase and bacteriostatic mechanism was possible to inhibit cell division.By the experiment, Arisaema consanguineum schott tuber extracts with alcohol had strong bacteriostatic action upon Escherichia coli 01 C84010 and Escherichia coli k88 C83905.It had practice potent of substituting antibiotic to prevent chiken and pig colibacillosis.