背书限制研究

A Study of Endorsement Restriction

我国现行票据法对背书限制缺乏系统明确规定,亟须加强研究,以便尽快完善有关立法。出票人记载背书限制的票据,其流通性并不绝对丧失,出票人以外的前手对转让背书的被背书人仍应负票据责任;背书人记载背书限制的票据,后手以此票据又进行转让背书的,原背书人有抗辩权;非转让背书中,应区别明示与默示以确定委托收款被背书人所为转让背书的效力,质押被背书人所为转让背书均不能发生票据法上的效力;以期后票据所进行的转让背书仅可产生民法上普通债权转让的效力。

Our Commercial Instrument Law in effect is deficient in systematic and clear regulations of endorsement restriction,it is in need of strengthening research in order to improve the relevant legislation.The reason of endorsement restriction can be summed up as follows:The bill written endorsement restriction by drawer does not lose circulation absolutely,predecessors except drawer should take the bill liability.The bill written endorsement restriction by endorser,and the endorsee made a transferable endorsement again,the former endorser has counterargument right.In non-transferable endorsement,we should distinguish explicit or tacit approval thus define the effect of transferable endorsement taking by procuration endorsee,the transferable endorsement taking by impawn endorsee should not occur the efficacy in Commercial Instrument Law.The transferable endorsement of overdue bill should only produce the civil law effect of common creditor's right.