正中神经电刺激对颅脑损伤后昏迷患者促苏醒作用的初步研究

Primary Study on Median Nerve Stimulation Therapy in Improving the Level of Consciousness of Patients in Coma Caused by Head Traumas

目的 探讨正中神经电刺激对颅脑损伤后昏迷患者的促苏醒作用及可能作用机制。方法 严重脑损伤昏迷患者 30例 ,随机分为治疗组 (n =15 )和对照组 (n =15 )。对照组按常规治疗 ,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用正中神经电刺激治疗 7d ,每天刺激一次 ,每次 30min。并于第一次刺激前行首次SPECT显像 ,显像结束后立刻给予正中神经电刺激 30min。刺激结束后在同一体位、同一条件下行第二次显像 ,用视觉分析和利用BFCR数学模型的半定量分析方法对刺激前、后病灶部位的rCBF进行分析和比较。刺激 1周后通过GCS评分评价两组的治疗效果。结果 治疗组患者刺激后病灶局部脑血流量明显增多 ,持续刺激 1周后 ,治疗组GCS评分平均提高 4 .8分 ,对照组平均提高 2 .0分 ,两组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 正中神经电刺激治疗对颅脑外伤后昏迷患者有促苏醒作用 ;刺激后病灶局部脑血流量增高可能是正中神经电刺激促苏醒的作用机制之一。

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of median nerve stimulation in improving the level of consciousness of patients in coma caused by severe head traumas and the possible mechanism of its hastening awakening from coma. Methods 30 unconscious patients with severe brain traumas were randomly assigned to the treated group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). The patients in the control group were treated routinely. Besides routine therapy the patients in the treated group were treated with median nerve electrical stimulation. As the treated group were treated with initial stimulation, SPECT brain perfusion imaging was performed before and after 30 minutes' median nerve electrical stimulation under the same condition. The changes of the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) of lesion spot of brain were compared and analysed with visual method and semi-quantitative method in BFCK% mathematical model. A week after stimulation we assess the therapeutic effect in the two groups with GCS scores. Results The patients in the treated group's rCBF of the lesion spot increased significantly after stimulation. A week later the patients in the treated group had improved by average of 4.8 on the GCS in contrast to 2.0 on the GCS in the control group which showed that the GCS scores of the two groups had significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The median nerve electrical stimulation can improve the level of consciousness of patients in coma caused by severe head traumas. The increase of rCBF of lesion spot of brain can be one of mechanisms of its hastening awakening from coma.