德国大学对美国研究型大学形成的影响

The Influences Formed by the Germany University to the Researching Type Universities in the U.S.

19世纪的德国大学在"学术自由"理念和制度,讲座制和习明纳的教学方法以及图书馆和实验室作为重要研究手段等方面对美国高等教育产生了重要影响,这是许多研究美国这段历史的学者都认同的事实。但是美国大学对于德国的影响并不是全盘接受,而是从中选择出自己所需要的东西,结合本国的民族文化传统,最终形成了独具特色的美国模式的研究型大学。

In 19 century, the main researching methods in Germany University, such as:the ideas and system of academic freedom, a course of lectures system, the teaching method of Xi Mingna, library and laboratory, etc. made important influences to American Higher Education. The facts was identified and agreed by many scholars who studied American history at that period. But, the American universities could not accept the influences from Germany universities fully. And they chose those what they needed and combined the tradition of national culture and formed the special pattern of American researching type university.