哈尼语动词的体和貌

The Aspects and Moods in Hani Language

哈尼语有较为丰富的体貌范畴。但相比较而言,貌范畴比体范畴更丰富。哈尼语的体和貌存在对立,两者有不同的语法意义,并各自还有不同的语法形式和语法标志。表示貌的助词大多从动词虚化而来,而体助词却看不出其来源。体范畴一般用体助词表示,而貌范畴则用貌助词、虚化了的动词和动词的重叠形式来表示。

both of the category of aspects and the category of moods in Hani language, which are appositive and separately express different grammatical meanings, are rather complex. They each have their own grammatical forms and markers. Most of auxiliary words of the moods originate from grammaticalized verbs while the origins of the aspects' auxiliary words remain unknown. The aspects are generally expressed with auxiliary words while the moods are expressed with auxiliary words, grammaticalized verbs or reduction form of verbs.