《史记》中助动词“可”和“可以”语法功能差异初探

The Description of the Grammatical Function of Ke (可) and KeYi (可以) as auxiliary in Shi Ji (史记)

“可”的使用频率远高于“可以”。“可”可以自由地单独做谓语、假设复句中的分句,也可以单独用来提问。“可以”没有这一功能。“可”后动词以被动为主,“可以”后动词以主动为主,但两者都有很多例外。“可”后动词以不带宾语为主,“可以”后动词以带宾语为主,但两者也同样有很多例外。 “可”可以与“非”、“谓”、“得”等构成固定结构,“可以”未见相应用法。

The distinctions between ke(可)and keyi(可以)as auxiliary in Shi Ji consist of four parts as follows: Firstly, the use of ke(可)is more frequent than keyi(可以).Secondly, ke(可) can be used as a predicate verb, clause of hypothetical sentence and may lead a single question, while keyi(可以) can抰 be used in those ways. Thirdly, ke(可)is usually followed by a passive voice and with no objects, while keyi(可以)is usually followed by an active voice and with no objects , though both usage harbor exceptions. Lastly, ke(可)can form fixed verb-phrases with words like 揻ei (非), wei (谓), de (得) , which is unuaual to keyi(可以).