ELISA在猪伪狂犬病诊断中的应用

Application of ELISA in the Diagnosis on The swine Pseudorabies

近年来 ,猪伪狂犬病不断传播蔓延 ,给世界养猪业带来了巨大危害 ,因此开发特异性强、敏感性高、简便、快速、能区别疫苗毒和野毒、能检出潜伏感染的诊断方法是防制该病的关键之一。EL ISA方法具有特异、敏感、快速、稳定等特点 ,为广大兽医工作者所关注。目前 ,国内外关于 EL ISA在猪伪狂犬病诊断中的应用方面的研究已有不少 ,已有试剂盒出售。笔者综述了应用于猪伪狂犬病诊断的多种 EL ISA方法 ,如直接 EL ISA、间接 EL ISA、竞争 EL ISA、斑点EL ISA、SPA-EL ISA、双抗体夹心 EL ISA、单抗夹心 L AB-EL ISA、血清学鉴别 EL ISA等。这些方法中 ,有测病毒的 ,有测抗体的 ;有单抗介导的 ,有多抗介导的 ;有的还引入了 SPA和 L AB;有的以分子生物学为基础并能够鉴别疫苗毒和野毒。此外 ,还总结了目前所用 EL ISA诊断方法的优点和缺点 。

The worldwide swine industry suffered huge harm from the constantly emission and spread of pseudorabies(PR) in recent years, so the development of diagnostic assay which is specific, sensitive, convenient, rapid, and identifing vaccine virus and virulence virus is one of the keys for the prevention and cure of PR. ELISA is widely recommended because of it's speciality, sensitivity, convenience and stability. Now, the research on the application of ELISA in the diagnosis on PR at home and throughout the world is a lot, and some Test Kits have been commercial. This essay summarized the application of different type of ELISA in the diagnosis on PR, for example, direct-ELISA, indirect-ELISA, competitive-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, SPA-ELISA, sandwich-ELISA, monoclonal antibody sandwich LAB-ELISA, serological identification-ELISA etc. Among these methods, some can detect virus, some can detect antibody; some are mediated by monoclonal antibodies, some are mediated by multi-antibodies; some are mediated by SPA and LAB; and some are based on molecular biology,so can identify vaccine virus and virulence virus. Otherwise,the virtue and defect of ELISA which has existed is summaried, and the prospect of the research on the application of ELISA in the diagnosis on PR is predicted.