试论建国以来农业剩余及其分配制度的变化

On the Agriculture Surplus since 1949 and the Transition of Its Allocation System

在经济落后、以传统农业为主的基础上建立起来的中华人民共和国 ,是一个政府主导型的后发国家 ,当政府不能将工业化所需要的“资本原始积累”主要寄托于外部世界时 ,农业剩余就成为工业化资金的重要源泉之一 ,因此国家参与对农业剩余的分配 ,就成为实现工业化的重要措施之一。但是 ,政府从农民那里“拿多少”和“怎样拿” ,则是有高下之分的 ,对农业甚至整个国民经济的发展影响却是大不一样的。建国以来中国农业的曲折发展 ,在很大程度上是受国家与农民的这种分配关系制约的。

PRC, founded on the basis of economic backwardness and traditional agriculture, was a less developed country whose development was oriented by the government. When the government couldn't get the initial capital for industrialization from outside world, agricultural surplus was regarded as one of the important sources of industrial capital. Therefore, government's intervention in the allocation of agriculture surplus was one of important measures for industrialization. However, as far as the amount and way for the government to get agriculture surplus, there exists widely different skills, which can have greatly different impact on the development of agriculture and even the entire national economy. The tortuous development of agriculture since 1949 is, in a great extent, restricted by the allocation relationship between the country and the peasants.