基于GIS的分布式托普卡匹水文模型在洪水预报中的应用

Application of GIS-based distributed hydrological model to flood forecasting

本文对托普卡匹(TOPKAPI)水文模型进行了改进,增加了植物截留、降水下渗、土壤水深层渗漏、地下径流等计算模块,并对壤中流计算模块作了相应的调整,将TOPKAPI模型改进成一个较完整的分布式流域水文模型。该改进后的TOPKAPI模型应用于面积约为1万km2的息县以上淮河流域1998年、2002年和2003年汛期洪水的模拟,模型确定性系数均在0 84以上,模拟成果令人满意。该模型可应用于洪水预报、土地利用和环境影响评价、洪水极值分析、无资料地区水文模拟计算等。

The TOPKAPI model is improved to establish a complete distributed hydrological model for flood forecasting of river basin.In the new model,the components of interception,infiltration,percolation and groundwater are taken into account.The model is applied to simulate the flood of the upper reaches of Huaihe River in the year of 1998,2002 and 2003.The catchment area is about (10,000) km^2.Satisfactory result is attained.