节节麦-簇毛麦属间杂种的形态学和细胞遗传学研究

Morphology, Cytogenetics of Intergeneric Hybrid between Aegilops taucchii and Dasypyrum villosum

通过远缘杂交,结合杂种幼胚离体培养,获得了节节麦(Aegilopstauschii,2n=14,DD)和簇毛麦(Dasypyrumvillosum,2n=14,VV)的属间杂种F1。对杂种F1花粉母细胞减数(PMC)分裂中期Ⅰ(MⅠ)染色体配对行为进行观察发现,"节节麦×簇毛麦"杂种F1平均每PMC有1 25个棒状二价体,染色体的平均构型为2n=14=11 49Ⅰ+1 25Ⅱ(Xta=1 25),大部分被观察的细胞出现1～5个二价体,表明节节麦D染色体与簇毛麦V染色体间具有相对较高的部分同源配对,D和V染色体之间存在一定的部分同源性。F1植株高度自交不育,经染色体加倍处理后能够自交结实。

'Aegilops tauschii×Dasypyrum villosum' F1 hybrids were obtained by the combination of hybridization and embryo culture in vitro. Chromosome pairing behavior in meiosis of the hybrid F1 was carried out. Results showed that in an average, 1.25 rod bivalents were observed in one PMC, meiotic configuration was 2n=14=(11.49Ⅰ)+(1.25Ⅱ)(X(ta)=1.25) and most of PMCs possessed 1～5(rod) bivalens, indicating that the relatively high homeology was detected between the D genome of Ae.tauschii and the V genome of D.villosum. The morphological differences between F1 hybrids and their parents were significant. F1 plants were highly self-sterile, but partially self-fertile after treated by chromosome doubling technique.