体能相关基因研究的新进展

Association Between genetic factor and Physical Performance

近年来体能与基因的关系又成为一个热点话题,人类遗传学的研究证实,人类体能的差异有遗传基础。2000年以来,有关体能分子遗传学的研究飞速发展,发表的文章数及报道的相关基因座超过过去几年的总量,已经报到了70多个关注的基因座,证明基因与VO2MAX、肌肉力量和乳酸阈值等有关。我国航空航天事业和载人航天器的开发、国防建设的需求等都提示,今后特殊体能人才的基因选材将不容忽视。对于具有特殊体能的个体进行科学选材,可以提高针对性和降低后期培养的资金浪费。同样,对于早期发现和培养具备体育运动天赋的人才将是经济快速和实用的方法。体能相关基因的研究还将为揭示这些基因座的功能、促进健康事业起重要作用。通过对国际已报道的主要与有氧运动相关的基因座和试验结果进行综述,为我国尽早开展相关研究提供基础信息。

Correlation study between Physical performance and gene has become a hot topic. Evidences have indicated that human capacity is partially influenced by genetic factors. Since 2000, the genetic studies of locomotion have progressed rapidly. More than 70 genetics markers associated with physical performance have been studied, such as VO(2max) (maximal oxygen uptake), muscle strength and lactate threshold. This research could be used to detect the special individual in spaceflight project and national defense project. Obviously, genetic detection of the special individual at early stage will save time and fund as compared with traditional training system. The present paper is to summarize some major international studies on aerobic exercise related genes and loci. We expect that the present article may provide helpful information to promote the project in China.