低剂量螺旋CT肺结节扫描与常规剂量CT的对照研究

Detection of lung nodules with low-dose spiral CT: comparison with conventional dose CT

目的 通过对肺结节模型进行低剂量和常规剂量CT扫描 ,评价低剂量CT对肺内结节的检出率 ,分析影响低剂量CT肺结节检出率的因素。方法 用包绕水囊的绷带卷模拟肺及胸廓 ,面粉、黄油及固体石蜡按一定比例制作成CT值 - 10～ 5 0HU的结节 ,直径为 10和 5mm。分别进行常规剂量 (2 4 0mA、14 0kV)及 3组低剂量扫描 (4 3mA、14 0kV ;5 0mA、12 0kV ;75mA、80kV)扫描 ,低剂量各组分别以螺距 1 0、1 5、2 0扫描。比较不同剂量、不同螺距组之间的差别。将不同X线剂量模型CT扫描图像与正常成人胸部图像融合 ,由 3名医师在不知模型结节的情况下分别读片 ,统计肺内结节的检出率和假阳性、假阴性率。分析扫描剂量、螺距对其检出率的影响。结果 低剂量扫描对肺内 10mm及 5mm结节的检出率分别为 10 0 %、89 7% ,与常规剂量组之间的差异无显著性意义(χ2 =0 6 90 7,P >0 70 )。增加螺距导致 5mm的结节检出率下降。结论 低剂量CT对肺内直径 10mm和 5mm结节的检出率与常规剂量CT无差别。增大螺距导致肺内结节的密度及边缘的清晰度下降 ,结节检出率也相应下降。

Objective To investigate the effect of reducing scan dose on the lung nodules detection rate by scanning a lung nodule model at low dose and conventional dose. Methods The lung and the thoracic cage were simulated by using a cyst filled with water surrounded by a roll bandage. Flour, butter, and paraffin wax were mixed together by a certain ratio to simulate lung nodules of 10 mm and 5 mm in diameter with the CT values ranging from -10 to 50 HU. Conventional-dose scan (240 mA, 140 kV) and low-dose scan of three different levels (43 mA, 140 kV;50 mA, 120 kV;75 mA, 80 kV) together with three different pitches (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0) were performed. The images of the simulated nodules were combined with the CT images of a normal adult′s upper, middle, and inferior lung. Three radiologists read the images and the number of the nodules they detected including both the real ones and the false-positive ones was calculated to investigate weather there was any difference among different doses, pitch groups, and different locations. Results The detection rate of the 10 mm and 5 mm nodules was 100% and 89.6% respectively by the low-dose scan. There was no difference between low-dose and conventional-dose CT (χ2=0.6907, P>0.70). The detection rate of 5 mm nodules declined when large pitch was used. Conclusion The detection rates of 10 mm and 5 mm nodules had no difference between low-dose CT and conventional-dose CT. As the pitch augmented, the detection rate for the nodules declined.