现代设计理论和方法的研究

STUDY ON THE MODERN DESIGN THEORY AND METHODOLOGY

在分析了市场和资源结构变化等与制造业竞争有关的时代特征基础上,提出了现代设计理论和方法的命题。以教育部现代设计与制造网上合作研究中心为中心的群体进行了在互联网上组织合作设计的实践,并对设计理论进行了探索。事实表明,已有的研究仅仅是与设计有关的一些片段,不能统帅整个设计过程,尤其是不能面对市场对产品创新的压力空前增加和设计所依赖的智力资源从垂直结构向水平结构转变的环境。现代设计理论应当主要由四部分构成:设计过程理论,性能需求驱动理论,知识流理论和多利益方协调理论。介绍了它们的内容框架和讨论了可以采用的方法。这里面除设计过程理论和性能需求驱动理论中一部分内容曾经有过研究,多数问题刚刚开始受到重视,所以现代设计理论和方法的研究具有非常广阔的空间。有效的方法只能在正确理论指导下产生,工具(含软件)则是为实现方法而开发的。认为不必研究理论就可以实现好的设计软件是不对的,即使最终也能获得一些能够推广的方法,效率将会很低,有时广泛应用的软件甚至会是设计进步的障碍。

On the base of analyzing the time features of competition in manufacturing, a proposition on modern design theory and methodology is suggested. Several Internet-based collaborative design projects are practicing by a group in China. Theoretical investigation is carried out concurrently and presented. It is clear that existed results of design theory dealt with only pieces of the topic in design and cannot control a whole design process, especially in front of the daily increasing pressure on product innovation from market and the trend of intelligent resource varying from a vertical structure to a horizontal structure. The results of investigation show that modern design theory is in principle consisted of four parts: theory of the de- sign process, theory of performance needs driving, theory of knowledge flow and theory of working in line between stakeholders. The basic frameworks for the theories are introduced and possible methods relative to the theories are discussed. Besides parts of the first two, most contents of the theories have not been studies or are just been recognized. Therefore there is a very wide space, in which the modern design theory and methodology can be developed. It is argued that good design methods can be studied and established only under the guide of perfect theories, and good design tools (including software) must be studied and developed only for realizing the good design methods. Those viewpoints considering that advanced software can be developed independent with the study of modern design theory and methodology cannot be accepted. Tools produced under the guide of theory and methodology out of date will be of low efficiency or sometimes become the obstacles of advancement of design.