外源性肺泡表面活性物质在婴儿心脏直视术后的应用

Administration of exogenous pulmonary surfactant after cardiac surgery in infants

目的 评价外源性肺泡表面活性物质 ( PS)治疗婴儿体外循环后肺损伤的疗效。 方法 选择 7例术后反复撤机失败 ,依赖机械通气 ,胸部 X线片显示大片肺不张和 /或肺间质透亮度降低的婴儿 (年龄 0 .4 9± 0 .82岁 ,体重 4 .87± 2 .18kg) ,在至少 1次撤机失败后经气管内插管应用 PS,初始量按 10 0 mg/kg给药 ,12小时后重复 1次。分别在初始量后 4、6、12、2 4、4 8和 72小时测定氧合指数 ( OI)、动脉血氧饱和度 ( Sa O2 )和动脉血二氧化碳分压 ( Pa CO2 ) ,记录自主呼吸潮气量、胸部 X线片变化以及呼吸机应用时间。 结果 PS使用 4小时后 OI、Sa O2 显著升高 ,2 4小时后增幅最大 ,分别为给药前的 34.7%和 6 .6 % ;Pa CO2 在给药 4小时后显著降低 ,6小时后最大降幅为 2 2 .8% ( P<0 .0 5 ,0 .0 1)。用药后患者最大自主呼吸潮气量、胸部 X线片明显改善 ,拔管成功率 85 .7%。 结论 外源性 PS替代治疗能显著改善婴儿心脏直视术后肺功能 。

Objective To evaluate the effect of exogenous pulmonary surfactant(PS) replacement therapy for infants who suffered pulmonary injury after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods Seven infants (age 0.49±0 82 year, weight 4.87±2.18kg) who depended on respiratory mechanical support with clinical and radiological evidence of pulmonary surfactant sufficiency were enrolled in the study. Oxygen index(OI), artery oxygen saturation(SaO 2) and artery bicarbonate pressure(PaCO 2) were measured at 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after the first application of PS(100mg/kg). At the meantime, maximum spontaneous respiratory tidal volume, chest X ray changes and ventilator time were recorded. Results Compared to the baseline values, OI and SaO 2 increased significantly 4 h after PS therapy, with a maximal increase slope (34.7%, 6.6%) after 24 h. While PaCO 2 decreased significantly 4 h after PS therapy, with a lowest decrease slope (22.8%) after 6 h ( P <0.05, 0.01). Spontaneous tidal volume and chest X ray sign were improved in all infants. The success rate of extubation was 85 7%. Conclusion Exogenous PS replacement therapy could improve pulmonary function for postoperative infants, and highly decrease the ventilator time.