从语法角度看德语和英语中的间接祈使句

The Indirect Imperative in German and English

德、英语中的祈使句无论从祈使语气的强弱变换,还是从礼貌程度的高低调整都远远不能满足发话者对受话者实施祈使行为的需求,所以人们往往运用其他句式向对方发出祈使。本文从语法角度出发,在言语行为理论的层面上对疑问句、陈述句、感叹句以及缩略句等语法现象中的祈使意义进行分析,旨在加深领会间接言语行为理论,并运用理论指导交际实践。

The imperative in the German and English languages cannot meet the speaker's needs of making a request in various contexts, neither in the aspect of changing the intensity of the imperative tone, nor of adjusting the extent of the politeness. Thus the speaker always prefers to use other forms of sentence to express his intention. Proceeding from the grammar, the following paper, on the level of the theory of speech acts, approaches some interrogative, declarative, exclamatory sentences and some ellipses as well, which utter the imperative mood of the speaker. The purpose is to comprehend the theory of the indirect speech acts and further to use it in practice of communication.