中国化的观音性别以女为主的原因初探

An Analysis of the Reason for Chinese Kwanyin Being Mainly a Woman

观音本是印度佛教中的一位男性菩萨 ,但在佛教的中国化过程中 ,变为了何友晖 一位女性菩萨 ,并在中国普通民众中享有极高的地位 ,这一方面缘于观音菩萨随类度化的 中国化的观音性别以女为主的原因初探 积极无条件关注暗合了人类长期进化过程中的女性情结 ,另一方面中国民众的苦难和中国本土文化对男女社会角色的限定使得民众需要把男性的观音改造为女性菩萨。而印度宗教人物画像的传入和中印绘画的不同使得中国民间艺术家或各按自己的意念或对印度的画像进行中式改造 ,并在流传过程中最终形成女性的定式。

Kwanyin was originally a male Bodhisattva of Hindustan Buddhism,but during the process of localization in China,he became a female Bodhisattva,and had a very important position among common people.There were three reasons for that.Firstly,the unconditioned positive regard accords with the female complex in the evolution of humanity.Secondly,the tribulation of Chinese people and the restricted roles of men and women in Chinese culture made people transfer male Kwanyin into a female.Chinese paintings are different from Hindustan.Chinese folk artists either modified paintings of the religion characters introduced from Hindustan Buddhism or created their own images of Kwanyin,which led to the female formulary at last.