福建黄岗山东南坡气温的垂直变化

CHANGES IN AIR TEMPERATURE VARIBLES ALONG ALTITUDINAL GRADIENT IN Mt. HUANGGANG, CHINA

利用HOBOOnset自动温度记录仪于 2 0 0 1年 11月～ 2 0 0 2年 11月对福建黄岗山东南坡 7个地点的气温 ,间隔15min进行了连续观测。结果显示 :黄岗山年平均气温直减率为 0 .4 3℃ / 10 0m ;不同月份的直减率有差异 ,一般来说 ,冬季小 ,夏季大 ,其中 12月最小 (0 .2 6℃ / 10 0m) ,9月最大 (0 .5 6℃ / 10 0m)。平均最高气温沿海拔高度变化并非呈线性关系 ,表现为中海拔 (16 0 0m )数值最低 ,而平均最低气温沿海拔高度呈明显线性关系 ,直减率为0 .5 4℃ / 10 0m。最高温度沿海拔高度变化不明显。月平均的日较差沿着海拔高度变化呈“U”字形 ,中海拔月平均日较差值最低。日平均气温≥ 0℃ ,≥ 5℃和≥ 10℃的积温沿海拔高度呈线性关系 ,直减率几乎相同。≥ 10℃积温从低海拔至高海拔相差约 2 0 0 0℃ ,海拔每升高 10 0m稳定初日至终日 ,积温日期间隔平均减少 7d左右。

Air temperature on the Southeast slope of Mt. Huanggang was measured from November 2001 to November 2002 at 15-minute intervals, using 7 sets of HOBO onset micro climatic recorders. The results showed that annual mean temperature had a significant linear relationship with altitudinal gradient with a lapse rate of 0.43 ℃/100 m, and that the monthly lapse rates differed seasonally, with low values in winter and high values in summer. The lowest lapse rate was recorded in December (0.26 ℃/100 m), and the highest in September ( 0.56 ℃/100 m ). Mean maximum temperature showed a low value at the middle elevations, while mean minimum temperature showed a strongly linear relationship with elevation (0.54 ℃/100 m). There was no obvious difference for absolute high temperature at the varying elevations. The diurnal range of temperature indicated a U-shaped pattern along the altitudinal gradient, with a lowest value at the middle elevations (about 1600 m). The accumulative temperature for ≥0, 5 and 10 ℃ exhibited nearly identical lapse rates, approximately 180.0 ℃/100 m along the altitudinal gradient. The initial day of accumulative temperature was delayed a week with each 100 m interval elevation increase. However, the results observed in this study were limited in the southeast slope of Mt. Huanggang, and whether they can be generalized to other areas requires more detailed observation.