不同生态适应型北美红杉的种植环境及造林地选择

Condition and Site Selection for Planting Different Ecological Adaptations of Sequoia sempervierens

北美红杉造林地选择,根据其不同种源和无性系对不同生态环境的适应能力、生长发育的相似群体归类,并按不同的类型选择相应的造林地:中亚热带至北亚热带相关的常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林和暖性针叶林植被类型林地,适宜作为温暖湿润生态适应型北美红杉的造林地;中亚热带至北亚热带相关的落叶阔叶林、针阔叶混交林以及中性湿生灌丛植被类型的林地,适宜作为温暖半湿润生态适应型北美红杉的造林地;北亚热带至暖温带相关的针阔叶混交林、针叶林以及以杜鹃、野山茶、苔草等为代表的灌丛植被类型的林地,适宜作为温凉干燥生态适应型北美红杉的造林地;耐低温类型的北美红杉,已能在云南高海拔地带的暗针叶林地区生存,并有一定生长量,值得继续研究,可选择相应的云杉、冷杉,铁杉、高山栎类、桦木、花楸、槭等针阔叶林地作为高寒山地低温环境型北美红杉造林地。云南省有大面积低产林分和宜林荒山,生产潜力较大,其中有适宜不同生态适应型北美红杉造林的环境。利用这一有利条件,发展北美红杉造林,改造这些低产林分和在适宜的荒山造林,将充分利用土地资源,大大提升这些低产林和宜林荒山的经济效益和生态效益。

According to the adaptability and growth performance of different seed sources and clonal population of Sequoia sempervierens under different ecological environment, the groups were classified into four ecological adaptations. The appropriate adaptations should be planted in the appropriate site. For those sites, where the vegetation is evergreen broadleaved forest, evergreen and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest, and warm coniferous forest located in the middle subtropical to higher subtropical area, is suitable for planting warm-moist ecological adaptation. The sites, where the vegetation is deciduous broadleaved forest, coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, and some middle wet shrubs in the middle subtropical to higher subtropical area, is suitable for warm semi-moist adaptation. The sites, where the vegetation is coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest, coniferous forest and some shrubs, is suitable for planting cool-dry adaptation. The adaptation, which can resist low temperature, survive in high altitude dark coniferous forest of yunnan province, and get some growth volume, deserves advanced studying. Some broadleaved forest and coniferous forest such as Picea spp.forest, Abies spp.forest, Tsuga spp.forest, and Quercus spp.forest, are suitable sites for this adaptation. There are many low yield forest and bald mountain in yunnan, including the conditions of all the adaptations. Developing plantation of Sequoia sempervierens and improving the low yield forest, will make the land resource be used more efficiently and greatly improve the economic benefit and ecological benefit of these area.