论“应试类书”

On the Imperial Examinations Encyclopedia

从“应策试而编纂的类书”,“应‘帖经’、‘八股文’考试而编纂的类书”,“应博学宏词科考试而编纂的类书”;“为应试打基础的‘蒙学’类书”等角度,全方位论述应试类书的产生和发展概况;分析应试类书流行的政治文化根源;认为在一个“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”,政治体制和思想文化已经固定的国度里,统治者需要的人才,是熟悉古制旧事,能为自己的统治寻找到理论根据和实际参考事例的知识分子。而科举考试是统治者网罗人才的手段。应试类书,则从根本上体现了统治者对人才知识结构的要求。对应试类书的研究,可为当代教育考试制度的改进提供借鉴。

This paper discusses the origin and development of the Imperial Examinations Encyclopedia from the angles of the Slip Trying, Tie Jing, the Eight - Part Essay examination and the Primary Education Encyclopedia,analyzes the politial and cultural source of the Imperial Examinations Encyclopedia is being popular. In a country that dismisses the various schools of thoughts and solely respects Confucian Learning and has fixed polities system, thoughts and culture, the ruler needs the intellectual familiar with the old events and to help the ruler for the sake of control on the theoretical foundation and practice examples. The Imperial Examinations is a means for the ruler to gather talents. And the Imperial Examinations Encyclopedia embodies the demand of the ruler about the talents' knowledge structure fundamentally. The content system and arrangement method of Encyclopedia are adaptive to the Imperial Examinations.