2001年冬季渤海的浮游植物群落结构特征

Phytoplankton Community of the Bohai Sea in Winter 2001

研究了 2 0 0 1年冬季覆盖渤海 5 6个测站的浮游植物物种及其群落特征。共发现浮游植物 3门 37属 72种 (不包括未定名物种 )。物种主要以温带近岸型硅藻为主 ,优势种主要尖刺伪菱形藻、浮动弯角藻、偏心圆筛藻、具槽帕拉藻 (Paralia sulcata)和环纹劳德藻。其中的尖刺伪菱形藻、偏心圆筛藻和具槽帕拉藻是冬季渤海浮游植物的关键种。分析认为 :细胞丰度的平面分布由浮游硅藻的分布所决定。同 1983年同期资料相比发现 ,优势种没有较大变化 ,但其优势程度顺序和细胞丰度发生了一定的改变 ,整个浮游植物群落的细胞丰度有大幅度增加。冬季渤海浮游植物群落的多样性程度是低的。

Features of phytoplankton community were studied based on the phytoplankton data of a 56 grid stations investigation from 10 th to 15 th January 2001 in the Bohai Sea, China. Three classes including 37 genera and 72 species (not including unidentified taxa) were common found in the survey area. The main phytoplankton group was temperate and neritic autochthonous diatom. The dominant species were Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Eucampia zodiacus, Coscinodiscus excentricus, Paralia sulcata and Lauderia annulata etc. The preliminary result of community comparison study was that the key species of phytoplankton in this season were Pseudo-nitzschia pungens, Coscinodiscus excentricus and Paralia sulcata. The horizontal patterns of phytoplankton cell abundance were controlled by those of diatoms, which was higher in the South of the survey area than that of the North. Two concentration areas of phytoplankton cell abundance were found in Laizhou Bay and the South of the Bohai Strait. The dinoflagellate abundance was high in the estuary of the Huanghe River and the Bohai Strait. A comparison of the data with those collected in winter, 1983 shows that the dominant species composition was similar in these two data sets, but the cell abundance of these dominant species and the dominance was changed, and the cell abundance of phytoplankton was increased greatly in this study. The Margalef species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index and Evenness of phytoplankton were relatively higher in the South of the survey area than those of the North. The fuzzy evaluation of biodiversity shows that phytoplankton community biodiversity in the Bohai Sea was low in winter.