向农村直接投资与农民增收问题

Investment in Rural Area and Taxation on Peasant

目前,我国迫切需要解决的一个问题是农民增收问题。然而,要解决这个问题不能单纯依靠国家直接或间接的财政补贴,鼓励国外或城市企业向农村直接投资是提高农民收入的最有效途径。这不但有必要性,且有可行性。政府的作用是鼓励对农村的直接投资,通过基准垄断模型及其扩展模型的分析可以看出:过小的政策扶持力度不能实现这个目的;而过大的政策扶持力度只会导致国家财政流失。企业竞争和技术扩散虽然有利于扩大就业,但是却容易打击企业进行直接投资的积极性。所以,政府必须采取切实而有效的政策,降低企业的交易成本,加强对知识产权的保护力度。此外还应该尽力扩大内需,增加市场需求。

To increase Chinese peasants' income is one of our urgent tasks at present. In order to achieve our target, it is necessary and effective to encourage or stimulate urban and foreign enterprises to invest in rural areas, in addition to the subsidies by the government directly or indirectly. The government can encourage this kind of investment. This analysis will prove that this target can be achieved through enough policy aid, using the model of standard monopoly and its extension. But the problem is excessive fiscal aid can lead to out-flow of state assets. Although the competition among enterprises and technological diffusion provide opportunity for increasing employment, these might hurt the firms' enthusiasm of direct investment. In order to attract firms to invest directly in rural areas, the government should take practical and effective policies to lower the firm's transaction cost, to defend technology property and to increase domestic demand as more as possible.