“河图”、“洛书”非点阵之图考

A Textual Research on "Hetu" and "Luoshu" Being not Lattice Diagram

欲判明先秦文献中所记载的"河图"、"洛书"是否点阵之图,首先应求于先秦文献中有关"河图"、"洛书"的原始记载。根据《尚书·顾命》、《论语·子罕》和《周易·系辞上》中有关"河图"、"洛书"的原始记载,无法得出"河图"、"洛书"是点阵之图的结论。非点阵之图的结论,是根据胡应麟"辨伪八法",核之并世之言以观其称,核之异世之言以观其述,称点阵之图为"河图"、"洛书"显属可疑,而且,刘牧在《易数钩隐图》的序言中自谓"采摭天地奇偶之数,……点之成图",无意之中,已露出了作伪的破绽。清代学者毛奇龄更将刘牧作伪之迹原原本本考察得十分清楚。刘牧为了使其创制的点阵之图为人所重且行之于世,于是将点阵之图托以"河图"、"洛书"之名,也完全符合作伪的一般规律。坚持认为"河图"、"洛书"为点阵之图者所持之论据,亦皆似是而非。因此,先秦文献中所记载的"河图"、"洛书"并非点阵之图。

We should check the original documents of Pre-Qin period to distinguish whether 'Hetu' and 'Luoshu' are lattice diagram or not. However, it is impossible to make such a conclusion according to the relative records about 'Hetu' and 'Luoshu' from Book of Documents, The Analects and The Classis of Changes. On the contrary, we can assert that 'Hetu' and 'Luoshu' are not lattice diagram by Hu Yinglin's eight methods for distinguishing fake books. Moreover, Mao Qilin had investigated that Lin Mu created the lattice digram but under the pretext of 'Hetu' and 'Luoshu' in order to attract the scholars' attention. So, we can make a conclusion that 'Hetu' and 'Luoshu' are not lattice diagram in the Pre-Qin documents and all the documents about the lattice diagram are faked.