晚明“狂禅”考

On the Term "Mad Chan" during the Late Ming Period

"狂禅"一词在晚明及以后尤其在清代,屡屡被提起,它包含两层含义:其一是指唐宋以来的五家禅,其二是指晚明思想界的一股思想潮流。综合考察,狂禅使用最多的是用来指称晚明思想界所出现的一种独特的思想潮流,它突破了程朱理学所要求的思想和社会规范,对晚明及以后产生了巨大的影响,这股思想潮流的主要特征是以禅证儒,以儒入禅。

The term 'Mad Chan', used frequenty from the late Ming to Qing Dynasty, had two kinds of meaning. Firstly, it denotes the Buddhism of the Five Sects from the Tang and Song Dynasties while secondly, it means the unique school of thought prevalent in the late Ming, which broke through the morals and norms of the Chen-Zhu New Confucianism Doctrines to exert considerable influence on the culture and society of late Ming. The charactoristics of the School are to verify Confucianism with Buddhism, and to implant Buddhism into Confucianism.