1997年以来我国农村劳动力流动趋势分析1

The Flow of Rural Labor Force since 1997 in China

农村人口大规模向城市迁移流动,对我国经济发展和社会整合产生了深远影响。1997年以来我国农村劳动力流动出现了新特点:乡镇企业吸纳就业人员的能力下降;乡内就业比例逐年下降,省外就业比例和绝对数加大;从中、西部地区流向东部沿海发达地区和城市;流动的组织化程度明显提高;非正规部门成为吸纳流动劳动力的主要载体;生成了"新生代农村流动人口群"等。为科学、合理地从政策方面提高和促进农村剩余劳动力的有序流动,构建各种有利于流动的社会制度、为非正规就业提供必要的保障、提高农村劳动力的就业能力和素质等就成为必然的选择。

Great amount of rural population have moved or flown to urban areas since the economic reform, which has exerted deep influence on the economic development and social integration of China. Since 1997, some new features of the flow have been appeared: the capacity of absorbing labors by the enterprises in rural and town area decreased; the employment rate within rural areas has been decreased year by year and that outside these area increased; more labors are flowing from the middle and the west to the east and coastal areas of China; the degree of organization for the flow is higher than before; non-formal sectors have become the major absorber of the labor force; and 'a new generation of rural flowing population' has appeared. In order to guide the surplus rural laborers to flow orderly, we should make necessary policies and construct the social system to dredge the flow and improve the employers' ability and qualification.