论墨子的“天鬼观”非宗教教义

Mohist God and Ghost Viewpoint is not Religious Doctrine

墨子的"天鬼观"是否宗教教义,墨子是否宗教教主,20世纪的国内外墨学研究者存在很大分歧。由于在墨子的"天鬼观"中并不存在真正意义上的宗教观念,因此"天鬼观"不是宗教,墨子当然也不是创教教主。墨子鼓吹"天鬼观"的主观动机,就是借助当时社会上大多数人信仰的"天鬼"的神秘权威,宣传和推行其以"兼爱"为中心的政治主张和政治理想,因而"天鬼观"是一种神道设教。

Among Chinese ancient thinkers the ideological system of Mo Zi is of special characteristic for his God and Ghost Viewpoint.Mohism researchers in the 20th century hold divergent views on whether the God and Ghost Viewpoint of Mo Zi is a religious doctrine and whether Mo Zi is the founder of a religion himself.In the authors'opinion,genuine religious ideas cannot be found in Mohist God and Ghost Viewpiont,therefore this viewpoint is not a religion.Either is Mo Zi the founder of a religion.Actually,the intention of Mo Zi to advocate his God and Ghost Viewpiont is to publicize and carry out his political stand which focuses on Universal Love,Consequently Mohist God and Ghost Viewpoint is a means to educate people through the way of the Gods.