从《王昭君变文》到《王昭君》话剧——论昭君母题叙事文学的发展

Wang Zhaojun: From a Varied-Style Story to an Opera——On the Development of the Subject of Wang Zhaojun as a Narrative Story

昭君母题文学孕育了许多文学子体,有抒情类也有叙事类,而叙事类作品成就较高,其中《王昭君变文》对后世影响很大。变文之后,有马致远的《汉宫秋》以及元明清作家的许多同类作品,至现当代又分别有郭沫若、曹禺的《王昭君》问世。这类作品的发展源远流长,其嬗变轨迹明显,主要表现在主题思想由浅显到深刻,人物形象由扁平到圆整,艺术风格由质朴到典雅。

Wang Zhaojun as a major literary subject generated miscellaneous minor subjects, including lyrical subject, narrative subject and whatever. Of all generated minor subjects, narrative literature was most accomplished, especially The Varied-style Story of Wang Zhaojun, which exerted considerable influence on the later writers. Following the varied-style story were Ma Zhiyuan's The Autumn in the Han Palace and a good number of works on the same subject by writers in the Ming and the Qing Dynasty. In contemporary Chinese literature, Guo Moro and Cao Yu added their respective literary versions of Wang Zhaojun. The long-term development of this literary subject has left very distinct traces of evolution, mainly including its subject turning from superfluous to profound, its character from flat to round and its artistic style from simple to elegant.