延安时期中国共产党对美政策探析

An Exploratory Analysis of the CPC's Policy to the USA in the Period of time of Yan'an

延安时期中国共产党的对美政策经历了四个阶段的变化:抗战前期,积极争取美国援华抗日,同时坚决反对美国对日本的妥协绥靖政策及其对国民党反共投降活动的支持;太平洋战争爆发后,积极争取与美国合作抗日,并期望在军事合作的基础上发展双方在其他方面的长期合作,但没有抱以过高的希望;自美国开始调停国共关系后,一方面反对美国的扶蒋反共政策,同时又没有完全放弃与美合作抗日的设想;抗战胜利后,先"中立美国",进而发展为全面反对美帝国主义的政策。中共始终坚持独立自主、自力更生的原则和"凡助我者友之,凡助敌者敌之"的策略方针,在复杂多变的形势面前,保持着对美政策的科学性和可行性。

In the period of time of Yan'an, the CPC's policy to the USA went through four stages of adjustment. In the early days of the Anti-Japanese War, the CPC was active in winning the USA's support for China's resistance against Japanese invaders, and meanwhile firmly opposing to the USA's policy of appeasement to Japan and of support for the Kuomingtang's activity of anti-communism and surrender. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the CPC, while actively winning the USA's cooperation in fighting against Japan, endeavoured to develop long-term bilateral cooperation in other fields on the basis of military cooperation but pinned little hope at it. Since the USA took to mediation the relation between the CPC and the Kuomingtang, the CPC objected to American policy of pro-Kuomingtang and anti-communist on the one hand and on the other didn't give up the consistent idea of cooperation with it. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the CPC managed first to centralize the USA and then to develop its policy of opposing to American Imperialism in every way. By always maitaining the principle of self-decision and self-reliance and the strategic line of 'befriending those who befriend us and antagonizing those who antagonize us', the CPC has successfully preserved the scienticity and feasibility of its policy to the USA in face of complicated and changable situations.