中国古代社会对开封犹太人的认识和态度

The Understanding and Attitude of Ancient Chinese Society towards the Kaifeng Jews

在现存史料的基础上,分析了不同历史时期中国社会对开封犹太人的认识与态度。宋朝时期,犹太人以朝贡的方式与宋政府建立了友好关系,宋政府同意其"留遗汴梁",从而开创了两个民族友好交往的新篇章;元朝时期,犹太人属于色目人,具有较高的社会地位,但其某些习俗和生活方式与主流社会发生了冲突,元政府在尊重其社会地位的前提下,对犹太人及其他一些少数民族的习俗进行了干预和调整;明清时期是开封犹太人的变革时期,开封犹太人采用"适应性"策略融入主流社会,并得到主流社会的充分认可,他们逐渐被中国的主流文化所同化。

Based on the extant historical data, the paper analyses the understanding and attitude of the Chinese society towards the Kaifeng Jews in ancient Chinese society. The main views can be summarized as follows: in Song dynasty the Jews were connected with the Song government by the means of presenting tribute, and Song dynasty agreed to their staying in Kaifeng. As a result, they built friendship with the Song government. In Yuan dynasty, the Jews, as people of a special category, had higher social status. But some of their custom and life style conflicted with the mainstream society. On the premise of respecting their social status, the Yuan government intervened and adjusted the custom of the Kaifeng Jews and some other ethnic minorities. In Ming and Qing dynasties, in order to cooperate with the mainstream society, the Jews adopted 'adaptability' tactics and got the approval of the mainstream society.