晋西黄土高原小流域地貌演化特征与水沙过程的动态监测

Dynamic Monitoring of Changes of Runoff and Sediment Yield Process and Landforms Evolution on Wangjiagou Catchments

长期以来,我国在黄土高原重点产沙区,小、中、大流域的水文特征进行了动态监测,取得了大量的宝贵资料,这些信息对于有关部门和广大科研人员研究土壤侵蚀规律,以及为水土保持治理决策与措施配置提供科学依据起到重要作用。但由于已往研究手段的限制,以地貌特征(包括以土地利用方式)变化的动态检测缺乏系统研究。以地貌形态特征、土地利用方式的变化的动态检测,对于有关部门更加全面的认识地表剥蚀过程、人类活动的影响,提供了水沙检测替代不了的作用,是相关研究的重要内容之一。随着航天遥感、计算机软件技术的不断提高,将三维动态的地貌、土地利用方式与土壤侵蚀的过程相结合是交叉学科的重要研究方向。根据5期晋西王家沟小流域(从1959～1999)大比尺航片,在高程数字化模型(DEM)、正射影像图(DOM)制作的基础上,开展了40年来,以地貌特征并结合小流域水沙变化为目标的动态检测,为地貌演化、地表剥蚀过程研究提供了基础信息。

The limitation of previous research method is the lack of systematic study in dynamic monitoring of changes of geomorphic characteristics(including land use patterns).Dynamic monitoring of the changes of geomorphic characteristics and land use patterns plays the role that the water and sediment monitoring cannot be a proxy for it to the even more comprehensive understanding of the surface erosion processes and impact of human activities by the relevant departments, and is also one of the key research topics.With the constant improvement in remote sensing and computer software techniques,the combination of 3D dynamic landforms and land use patterns with soil erosion process serves as an important interdisciplinary research direction.According to five-phase large-scale airphotos of small catchment of Wangjiagou in west Shanxi(from 1959 to 1999),based on the preparation of digital elevation model (DEM) and digital orthophoto map (DOM),the dynamic monitoring targeted at geomorphic characteristics in combination with water-sediment changes has been conducted in the past 40 years so as to provide basic information for geomorphic evolution and ground surface erosion process.