“3S”技术在黄土高原水土保持动态监测中的研究与实践

Research and Practice of "3S" Techniques in Dynamic Monitoring of Soil and Water Conservation in the Loess Plateau

黄土高原水土流失乃世界之最,在黄土高原严重水土流失区,利用"3S"技术进行水土保持动态监测的应用研究与实践,具有非常重要的意义。通过研究认为,对于较大区域的水土保持监测,应采用宏观、中观和微观相结合,卫星遥感、航空遥感和GPS相结合的方法。在宏观监测方面,采用中分辨率卫星遥感影像,监测水土流失的强度、面积、分布和发展趋势;在中尺度监测方面,利用航空遥感影像或高分辨率卫星影像,进行水土流失和水土保持措施的动态监测;在微观监测方面,利用GPS技术监测微地貌的变化如沟头前进、沟底下切、沟岸扩张的速度等指标来监测土壤侵蚀情况。

The severity of soil and water loss in the Loess Plateau is on the top in the world.It has an important significance to apply '3S 'techniques in the practice and research of dynamic monitoring of soil and water conservation in the Loess Plateau.The research shows that soil and water conservation monitoring on a relatively larger area should be implemented in macro,micro and in-between scale,and a combination of satellite remote sensing,plane remote sensing and GPS should be adopted.In the aspect of macro monitoring,it is recommended to adopt middle resolution to monitor the intensity,area and developing tendency of soil and water losses.With regards to the dynamic monitoring of soil and water loss and the soil and water conservation measures,plane remote sensing or satellite image with high resolution is recommended on in-between scale.The monitoring on the change of geo-morphology,such as the advance of the heads of the gullies,the gully's expanding vertically and horizontally,should be implemented on micro scale by applying GPS technique to get information of soil erosion.