北京西山石炭-二叠纪煤系变形变质特征与地质灾害

Deformation and metamorphic characteristics of Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing formation and related geological hazards in Xishan (Western Hills), Beijing

北京西山石炭 二叠纪煤系分布区地质灾害类型 (尤其是采空区地面塌陷 )与处于同一地区的侏罗纪煤系有明显的差别。造成差别的因素很多。在区域构造位置、区域应力场分布格局、煤矿开采深度、煤系岩石组合和煤质特征、采区地形坡度、风化剥蚀条件、煤炭开采技术及工艺等因素中 ,煤系岩石组合和煤质特征是主要因素。对煤系岩石组合和煤质特征的研究成果表明 ,其变形变质特征是决定煤系岩石物理性质的重要因素。在北京西山的地质灾害调查和成因研究中逐步认识到 ,地质灾害类型及强度与煤系及煤层的物理性质关系密切。因此 ,煤系的变形变质特征研究 ,既是基础地质问题 ,也是工程地质问题 ,应是煤炭分布区与采空相关的地质灾害研究中的重要内容之一。

The geological hazards, especially the surface collapse of mining worked out area, occurred in the region exposed Carboniferous Permian coal bearing formation, exhibited significant difference with the hazards happened in the region exposed Jurassic coal bearing formation. The difference is controlled by many factors; and the main factors are lithological assemblage of coal bearing formation and coal quality, among regional tectonic locality, regional stress field, mining depth, lithological assemblage of coal bearing formation, coal quality, topographic slope of mining area, weathering and erosion condition, mining technology and technique etc. According to the study on lithological assemblage of coal bearing formation and coal quality, the deformation and metamorphic characteristics of coal bearing formation is the important factor for determining the physical properties of coal bearing formation; meanwhile, the type and intensity of geological hazards is closed related to the physical properties of coal bed and coal bearing formation. Therefore, the study on deformation and metamorphic characteristics of coal bearing formation is a topic of fundamental geology as well as engineering geology, and it should be an important aspect in the research of geological hazards occurred in mining worked out area.