荒漠草原植物抗旱生理生态学研究进展

Research progress on eco-physiological responses of desert grassland plants to drought conditions

荒漠草原植物由于长期在干旱环境下生存,形成了一系列抵御干旱逆境的生理生态机制。研究其生理生态学适应机制,对当前植物抗逆育种、生态环境恢复和作物抗旱性能评价等都具有重要意义。简要回顾了近20年来国内外在荒漠草原植物生理生态学方面的研究进展,包括形态结构、水势和渗透调节、光合和水分利用效率、蒸腾和气孔导度以及种群和群落等对水分胁迫的响应,并结合各个领域当前采用的主要实验手段进行了评述。进而分析了我国在上述领域的研究现状和应予以重点关注的问题。

With living in an arid environment for a long time, desert grassland plants have formed a number of special eco-physiological mechanisms to resist drought. Studying the eco-physiological adaptation mechanisms of these plants has great significance for areas including current plant breeding for drought resistance, eco-environment restoration and drought resistance evaluation for crops. Aspects of eco-physiology research on desert grassland plants are reviewed in this paper, including morphological structure, water potential and osmotic adjustment, photosynthesis and water use efficiency, transpiration and stomatal conductance, and plant population and community responses to water stress. In addition, some suggestions have been proposed for future research in the various fields.