论美国现代文官制度的形成

the Establishment of the Modern Civil Service System in America

由于政治与行政之间的区别不很明确,作为美国行政机构的构成和职位分配原则,“政党分肥制”是美国近代政党政治发展的直接后果。随着工业化、生产社会化和商品化的发展,“政党分肥制”的不足及其危害使其越来越不适应政府职能的变化,“功绩制”取代“政党分肥制”成为美国文官制度的基础,标志着美国现代文官制度的初步形成。

Due to blurring distinction between politics and administration, the development of modern party politics result in Political Parties' Booty-sharing system as principle of construction of government. But with the development of industrialization, Political Parties' Booty-sharing system shows its limitation and defects and can't step with the changes of government functions .So the Merit system is brought about as the base of the modern system of civil service in America.