小麦×豌豆遗传物质转移的研究

Study on Transfer of Genetic Material from Triticum aestivum X Pisum sativum

本研究对小麦×豌豆反复试验,重复观察豌豆花粉物质在小麦上的有性过程,并以豌豆DNA直接导入小麦为验证,结果均可重复,并获得大量能真实遗传的新类型种质资源。针对后代各种性状的变异,作者进行了细胞学、植物学、生物化学、分子生物学的醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白的研究,以及受精生物学等多学科综合研究,结果表明,小麦与豌豆的超远缘杂交,后代确实存在父本豌豆的遗传物质,乃通过有性转移过程导致后代遗传变异。

On the basis of twenty year' s experiment on and observation of sexual process in which pollen of pea was imposed on wheat, a number of genetically variated hybrids were obtained in different years and areas. Newly emerged traits among the progeny included branching poly-ear and solid shoot, various ear types, early ripening, high protein content, depending on which a group of new germplasmic material was established. Cytological studeies showed that the offspring differed markedly from the parents in that they were largely variated in chromosome number and beharior, vesulting in a mixoploid rate of 69. 84% , abmormal chromosome pairing, chromosome lagging, multipolar and unsynchronous division, The above results made it evident that sexual transfer occured during the cross. According to biochemical results on protein, oil pigments, amino acids, isozymes, genetic substance of paternal pea was likely to existing in the progeny. Molecular biological studies showed a kind protein unique in pea was found in seeds of the progeny. thus was a product of hybridization, whose level appeared to be influenced by additive effect of polygenes it also showed that genes for some subunits globulin-like proteins in pea was expressed to much or less exlent in the progeny, that most progenies arise 90kD and 47. 3kD new proteins which do not possess in female wheat, but exist in male pea. The genetic variation was observed in fractions of HMW and LMW glutenins of different liness. 19 patterns of HMW glutenin subunits and 15 patterns of LMW glutenin subunits were observed, Though 47. 3kD new protein was similar mobility with vi-cilin(50kD) from male pea, lack cysteine with the same as 50KD vicilin. Immunodiffusion showed that the progeny seed salt - soluble proteins were not immunologically homology with vicilin from pea. Evidence on fertilization biology proved fertilization did occur, And three types fertilization eg, double fertilization, polar nucleous fertilization, and egg cell fertilization, were observed with a rate of 11.8%, 4.6%, and 6%, respectively, while unfertilized embryo sacs had a percentage of 67. 1 %. The fertilization pattern of the progeny was similar to that of parents that is, both were mi-cropyle fertilized pattern. In condusion, the genetic material of paterna pea was transferred, by means of sexual process, to maternal wheat, causing great variation in the progeny during the hybridization process. Success in this experimnet has a profound significance both in theory and in practice. This work was accorded first prize in sientific and Technological progress in Jiangxi in 1987.