火灾烟气中CO_2和CO的释放特性研究

INVESTIGATION ON RELEASING MECHANISM OF CO_2 AND CO IN BENCH-SCALE FIRE SMOKE

火灾产生的有害烟气是造成人员伤亡的主要原因。火灾科学研究中,研究者对CO_2和CO研究较多,但对它们的释放过程和机理研究很少。本文利用国际文献中评价材料毒性的原始实验数据,从烟气毒性物质释放的角度,分析了火灾烟气中 CO_2和 CO的释放特性,特别是分析了通风量的影响机理。在此基础上,进一步研究发展出一个与动态释放过程相关的烟气危害性评价体系,从而在释放规律与材料选择、实际火灾中人员的逃生过程之间建立起直接联系。

Toxic smoke released from fire is a major factor causing a lot of death. In the field of fire investigations for over four decades, most researchers put their attentions on fire smoke toxicity; few people investigate the releasing process and mechanism of fire smoke. In this paper, the releas- ing characteristics of CO_2 and CO in small-scale fire smoke as well as the influence mechanism of veatilation rate, which is one of the most important influence factors in fire, were analyzed by using the experimeotal data published in literature for evauating the toxicity of materials. On the basis of analyses, we have developed a New Smoke Hazard Evaluation System, then, a bridge has been founded between components releasing rule and real fire.