冠心病危险因素在老年人群中的分布及其集聚

Risk factors of coronary heart disease and its aggregation in the elderly

目的 分析老年人冠心病主要危险因素及多种危险因素的集聚 ,评估近期内发生冠心病事件的危险水平。 方法 以北京市 6 0岁以上男性老年退休干部 5 197例为研究对象 ,以 30～ 4 4岁男性中青年干部 3993例为对照组 ,分析两组中 8项冠心病危险因素流行率的差异 ,统计的危险因素包括年龄、吸烟、高血压、高胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (HDL C)降低、高空腹血糖 (FBG)、高甘油三酯 (TG)及超重高体质指数 (BMI)。 结果 老年组高血压、高TC及高FBG流行率明显高于对照组 ,但两组间低HDL C和高BMI相似 ,TG也无明显差异。对照组现吸烟率高于老年组。冠心病及冠心病等同危险状态的流行率老年组与对照组分别为 2 7 5 %及 4 5 % ;冠心病危险因素集聚率老年组高于对照组 ,后者处于”0”危险因素者有 31 3% ;老年组处于冠心病高危者约 4 5 %、中危39%、低危 16 % ,对照组分别为 7%、2 1%和 72 %。 结论 本组老年人属于冠心病高危人群 ,控制多种危险因素在冠心病预防中十分重要。

Objective To study the prevalence of main risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and its aggregation in the elderly , and to estimate the 10-year coronary risk. Methods 5197 Beijing retired cadres (male, age above 60 years old ) were enrolled in this study, together with 3993 cases of middle and young aged office employees ( male, 30-44 years old ) as the control group. The risk factors studied were age, smoking, hypertension, high serum cholesterol (TC), low high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), high fasting blood glucose (FBG), high triglyceride (TG) and high body mass index (BMI). Results ① The elderly group had much higher prevalence rate of hypertension, high TG and high FBG than the control group, but with similar prevalence rate for low HDL-C, high TG and high BMI. ② The occurrence of CHD and CHD risk equivalent were 27.5% in elderly group and 4.5% in controls. ③ There was much higher risk aggregation rate in the elderly as compared with low aggregation in the controls, 31.3% of '0'risk was found in the later group. ④ The categories of CHD risk were 45% high, 39 of moderate and 16% low in the elderly group, while the corresponding rates in control group were 7%, 21% and 72%. Conclusions Evidently the elderly subjects in this study should belong to the coronary high risk population; It's urgently needed to control the multiple risk factors for the prevention of CHD.