先天性内耳畸形的人工耳蜗植入

Cochlear implant in patients with congenital malformation of inner ear

目的 探讨先天性内耳畸形引起重度感音神经性聋者人工耳蜗植入的有关问题。方法 2 0 0 1年 1月至 2 0 0 3年 4月间对内耳畸形引起极重度感音神经性聋 18例进行了人工耳蜗植入术。结果 18例中前庭水管 11例 ,Waardenburg综合征 3例 ,Mondini畸形 3例 ,Usher综合征 1例。全部病例采用Nucleus 2 4型人工耳蜗 ,其中对前庭水管 5例采用Contour植入体 ,其余病例采用直电极植入体。术中发现前庭水管 11例开骨窗后仅有外淋巴搏动 ,但无井喷 (脑脊液漏 ) ,电极植入顺利。Waardenburg综合征 3例和Mondini畸形 3例中各有 1例伴发圆窗骨性封闭畸形。 结论 前庭水管者人工耳蜗植入手术顺利 ,术后效果与耳蜗发育正常者相同。如Mondini和CommonCavity等内耳畸形者行人工耳蜗植入时术前应准确评估畸形的程度及伴发的畸形 。

Objective To study surgical difficulty and key of the cochlear implant in patients with congenital malformation of inner ear. Methods The cochlear implantations were performed in our department from Jan.2001 to Apr. 2003 for 18 patients with the malformation of inner ear. Results In this series, there were 11 cases of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome (LVAS), 3 cases of Waardenberg syndrome,3 cases of Mondini malformation,and 1 case of Usher syndrome. All 18 patients accepted the Nucleus 24 channel cochlear implantations, including Nucleus straight electrode in 13 cases but Contour implantation in 5 cases of LVAS. During operations, leakage of perilymph but not cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from the open of scala tympani occurred in 11 cases of LVAS, however, the electrode was inserted successfully. The abnormalities of round window occurred in one of 3 cases of Waardenberg syndrome and 3 cases of Mondini malformation, respectively. Conclusion The cochlear implant could be conducted successfully for the LVAS, and the postoperative effect was same as the ones for the deafness persons with normal development of inner ear. However, for the patients with Mondini syndrome and common cavity, it is important to accurately assess the extent of abnormalities in the inner ear and accompanied malformation before operation, and to evaluate the full extent of difficulties of the operation in order to minimize the risk of CSF leakage and meningitis.