中山市流动人口免疫状况调查分析及对策研究

The Immune Status of the Floating Population in Zhongshan City and the Strategies Studied

改革开放以来 ,大量的流动人口进入中山市 ,成为传染病爆发或流行的高危人群。 1998～ 2 0 0 1年 ,≤ 7岁流动儿童卡介苗 (BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗 (OPV)、百白破联合疫苗 (DPT)、麻疹疫苗 (MV)四苗全程免疫覆盖率分别为 6 1 0 %、6 7 3%、74 5 %、80 0 %。 2 0 0 0～ 2 0 0 2年监测的急性弛缓性麻痹 (AFP)病例流动儿童占 5 0 % ;麻疹病例流动人口占 70 4 % ,其中免疫史不详的占 74 3% ,零剂次免疫的占 10 5 %。 1998～ 2 0 0 2年流动人口OPV强化免疫登记接种对象 80 913人 ,接种率 97 9% ,其中零剂次免疫儿童 14 5 2 2人 ,占 17 9%。 2 0 0 2年流动人口麻疹抗体监测阳性率为 81 0 % ,几何平均滴度 (GMT)为 1∶2 34 5。 2 0 0 2年有外来工子弟学校 7所 ,外来工子弟 12 0 78人。根据以上的资料及现行的控制措施进行了分析研究 ,提出今后流动人口传染病控制的预防策略。

Since reform and opening to the outside world,the floating population in Zhongshan city has been increasing with a rapid speed,and the infectious diseases occurred from time to time in this special population.During 1998～2001,the immunization coverage rates of BCG?OPV?DPT?MV were 61.0%?67.3%?74.5% and 80.0% respectively in≤ 7 year old floating children.In 2000～2002,26 non-polio AFP cases were reported,50% of them were floating children,Also,388 measles cases were repored involving 238 cases of floating children accounting for 70.4%,of them 74.3% had no clear MV vaccination history,10.5% had not been vaccinated in the past. In 1998～2002,floating children registered for supplementary OPV immunization was 80913,their vaccine coverage rate was 97.9%,among them 14522 had been zero-dose vaccinated accounting for 17.9%.In 2002,measels antibody positive rate in the floating population(121 persons)detected was 81.0%,the GMT was 1∶2345.In Oct.2002,85.1% of the 112 078 floating-students were vaccinated with MV vaccine, who were not vaccinaled before or had no clear vaccination history. According to the data above and the current preventive measures taken,we put forward the preventive strategies for control of the infectious diseases of the floating population.