Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews的界定,兼论栽培牡丹的分类鉴定问题

Circumscription of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews and identification of cultivated tree peonies

栽培牡丹一直称为PaeoniasuffruticosaAndrews。在把作丹皮用的栽培牡丹 (凤丹 )描述为新种P .ostii后 ,观赏的栽培牡丹仍然被统称为P .suffruticosa。但在P .suffruticosa复合体内 ,P .rockii,P .jis hanensis,P .qiui和P .suffruticosassp .yinpingmudan等野生类型相继被描述并得到承认。于是 ,有人提出了栽培牡丹多元发生的观点 ,同时也出现了P .suffruticosa“是牡丹组数种植物复合体”的说法。本文在详细论述P .suffruticosa复合体分类历史的基础上 ,根据我们自己对野生类型和栽培类型的考察研究 ,认为观赏栽培牡丹的形成是多元的 ,并且包含几个物种 ;P .suffruticosa有明确的概念 ,它是观赏栽培牡丹的组成部分 ,而不代表栽培牡丹的全部 ,更不是数种植物的复合体。我们认为应根据形态特征正确鉴定观赏栽培牡丹 ,不应把它们一概鉴定为P .suffruticosa。通过文献和标本引证 ,文中界定了P .suf fruticosa的范围。此外 ,把P .yinpingmudan (D .Y .Hong,K .Y .Pan&Z .W .Xie)B .A .Shen作为P .suffruticosassp.yinpingmudanD .Y .Hong,K .Y .Pan&Z .W .Xie的异名 ,并且认定P .yinpingmudan (D .Y .Hong ,K .Y .Pan&Z .W .Xie)B .A .Shenssp .henanensis(D .Y .Hong,K .Y .Pan&Z .W .Xie)B .A .Shen是不?

The cultivated tree peonies have long been scientifically called Paeonia suffruticosa. After 'Feng Dan', a tree peony cultivated for medicinal purpose, was described as a new species, P. ostii, in 1992, the name P. suffruticosa is still used to represent all the cultivated 'Mu Dan' used as ornamental purpose. As several new species or subspecies, i.e., P. rockii, P. jishanensis, P. qiui and P. suffruticosa ssp. yinpingmudan were described and recognized in the P. suffruticosa complex in the past decade, the polyphyly of the cultivated tree peonies has been proposed. Some authors even consider that 'P. sufthilicosa' is 'a complex of several species in sect. Moutan'. Based on a detailed review on the taxonomic history of the P. suffruticosa complex and extensive field investigation on both wild and cultivated tree peonies for many years, we conclude that the cultivated tree peonies are polyphyletic in origin and comprise several species. However, we must point out that P. suffruticosa is a legitimate specific name with a clear definition. It is a component of cultivated tree peonies, but surely not 'a complex of several species'. Because the cultivated tree peonies are polyphyletic in origin and comprise several species, we suggest that they should be identified based on morphological characters and then given correct names, but not be all referred to as P. suffruticosa in a simple way. The circumscription of P. suffruticosa is made clear in the present paper by citation of literature and specimens. In addition, P. yinpingmudan (D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie) B. A. Shen is treated as a new synonym, and P. yinpingmudan (D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie) B. A. Shen ssp. henanensis (D. Y. Hong, K. Y. Pan & Z. W. Xie) B. A. Shen is indicated as an illegitimate name.