从九种核心期刊的文献计量分析看中国科技考古的发展

Development of scientific and technological archaeology in China based on an analysis of document metrology of nine kind of core periodical

用科技文献计量学的方法 ,对九种核心期刊 ,其中八种为考古类核心期刊 ,一种为物理类 (原子能科学技术类 )核心期刊所刊登的科技考古论文进行文献计量统计。每种期刊均从创刊号起统计到 2 0 0 2年底止 ,共计 976篇论文。从逐年论文数统计中发现 ,我国科技考古论文统计曲线呈现三个平台 ,它印证了我国科技考古的三个历史发展阶段 :即倡导期 (195 0 1977) ,初步发展期 (19781989) ,快速发展期 (1990 2 0 0 2 )。这三个发展阶段与我国经济、科技发展期所对应。从按五大类科技方法统计发现 ,核技术方法共 36 0篇 ,占总数 36 8% ;生物方法 130篇 ,占总数 13 3% ;物理和化学方法 4 2 7篇 ,占总数的 4 3 7% ;地球物理方法 4 1篇 ,占总数的 4 2 % ;计算机及其应用 18篇 ,占总数的 1 8%。统计表明 ,不少高新技术已在考古事业中得到应用 ,核技术方法及物理和化学方法占据了重要的位置。为了更完善地反映我国科技考古的全貌 ,需扩大统计调查期刊的数量。

Method of documentary metrology is used in a statistical investigation of papers on scientific and technological archaeology from nine core periodicals.Eight of them are archaeological,and one is physical or of atomic energy science and techniques.Each of them was counted from the start to the of 2002 end.Total number of the papers is 976.Three platforms of the statistical curves were discovered based on the counts of the years,corresponding to the three historical development periods of scientific and technological archaeology in China,they were called initiation period(19501957),preliminary period(19781989),and high speed development period(19902002).The three development periods have reflected the economical and scientific and technological developments.The papers are classified by the five main scientific methods used for the archaeological research,the number of papers using each method are listed here:nuclear techniques 360 pieces which occupies 36.8%,biological methods 130 pieces which occupies 13.3%,physical and chemical methods 427 pieces which occupies 43.7%,earth physical methods 41 pieces which occupies 4.2%,and computer and its applications 18 pieces which occupies 1.8%.Statuses show that some high and new techniques have been applied in archaeology,and both nuclear techniques and physical and chemical methods occupy important places among all methods.