校园空气污染微生物的检测与评价

Test and Assessment of Pollutant Microbes in Our Campus' Atmosphere

采用沉降平板法 ,选用牛肉膏培养基与察贝克培养基 (czpekmedium) ,分别在夏季与冬季检测了校园不同环境中空气污染细菌与霉菌的含量。结果表明 :校园不同环境的空气污染微生物类群与数量随季节的变化而变化。学生寝室、学生食堂、校区餐厅以及网吧的空气中污染微生物以细菌为主。其中 ,在冬季的细菌平均含菌量为 91 4 7.6 7个 /m3 空气 ,而以女生寝室的含菌量最高 ,达到 2 1 5 4 6个 /m3 空气 ,超出卫生标准的 3.1倍 ;在夏季时 ,细菌的平均含菌量为 1 0 6 6 1 .75个 /m3 空气 ,而以校园餐厅的含菌量最高 ,达到 4 35 1 1个 /m3 ,超出卫生标准的 6 .9倍。校图书馆、电影院、学生寝室及餐厅中的霉菌含量较多。其中 ,在冬季的霉菌平均含菌量为 5 6 8.4 4个 /m3 空气 ,以女生寝室的含菌量最高 ,84 6个 /m3 ;在夏季的霉菌含菌量为 85 5 .88个 /m3 ,最高时为 1 6 6 5个 /m3 ,这是由于卫生条件差 ,居室狭小 ,人口拥挤 ,空气潮湿 。

Content of pollutant bacteria and mold in our campus' atmosphere was tested using sedimentation plate method and with beef and Czapek's media in summer and winter respectively. The results showed that the group and content of pollutant microbes in different campuses' were changed with season. The main pollutant microbes in student bedrooms, student refectories, student restaurants and cybercafe were bacteria. In winter, the average was 9 147.67 cfu/m3 with the peak point at 21 546 cfu/m3 in girls' bedroom, about 3.1 times of the hygienic standard. In summer, the average was 10 661.75 cfu/m3 with the peak point at 43 511 cfu/m3 in school restaurant, about 6.9 times of the hygienic standard. The average content of mold in library, cinema, student bedrooms, and restaurants in winter and summer was 568.44 cfu/m3 and 855.88 cfu/m3 respectively with the peak point in winter and summer at 864 cfu/m3 in girl's bedrooms and 1 665 cfu/m3 in the library respectively. The bad hygienic condition is caused by the factors of narrowness of bedroom, crowded people, moist air, and poor ventilation etc.;