明清西北、华北黄土分布区沙尘天气统计分析

Statistics and Analysis on the Dust Weathers in the Loess-distributed Regions in Northwest and North China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时期 ,我国北方地区沙尘天气频发 ,以较具代表性的西北、华北黄土分布地区为研究区。据《明史·五行志》、《清史稿·灾异志》及明清各地方志资料统计分析表明 :明清时期该地区沙尘的发生主要集中在 2～ 4月 ,发生频率较高的时段为 1 4 6 8- 1 4 78年 ,1 4 88- 1 4 98年 ,1 5 4 8- 1 5 6 8年 ,1 6 1 8- 1 6 5 8年 ,1 84 8- 1 85 8年 ,1 888- 1 90 8年 ,发生较频繁的地区为沿沙漠分布带。沙尘天气的发生与气温、湿度成负相关 ,在干冷条件下尤其突出。对典型个案进行了分析 ,对不同的沙尘天气给予直观上的描述 ,突出了沙尘天气给人类生产。

Dust weather occurred frequently in the loess distributed regions in north China during the Ming and Qing dynasties (1368-1911). Based on the statistics and analysis of the “History of Ming Dynasty: Records of the Five Elements', “History of the Qing Dynasty: Records of Disasters' and some local annals in the Ming and Qing dynasties, it is revealed that the dust weather occurred mainly in the period from February to April in these regions during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The periods with high occurring frequency of dust weather were 1468-1478, 1488-1498, 1548-1568, 1618-1658, 1848-1858, and 1888-1908 respectively, and the dust weather occurred frequently in the marginal zones of the deserts. The occurrence of dust weather was in negative correlation with air temperature and humidity, especially under the dry cold conditions. The typical cases are analyzed, the different dust weathers are described, and the impacts of dust weathers to human's production and life are mainly discussed. It is considered that the occurrence and distribution of dust weathers are related to the formation and distribution of loess.