塔里木河中下游退耕还林还草综合生态效益评价——以新疆生产建设兵团农二师33团为例

Evaluation on the Compositive Ecological Benefits of Withdrawing from Farming to Afforesting and Grass Planting in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Tarim River —— A Case Study in 33rd Regiment, Second Division, Xinjiang Group Company of Pro

根据恢复生态学原理 ,采用层次分析法 (AHP) ,建立了塔里木河中下游退耕还林还草综合生态效益评价指标体系和数学模型。以新疆生产建设兵团农二师 33团为例 ,对生态林、经济林、牧草等退耕还林还草类型进行综合生态效益评价 ,与农田生态系统进行了对比研究。评价结果表明 :生态林、经济林、牧草地等退耕还林还草类型的生态效益指数均大于农田生态系统 ,其综合生态效益指数排列顺序为 ,经济林 >生态林 >牧草 >农田 (棉花 )。

The Tarim River is the longest inland river in China, and its mainstream is 1 321 km in length. Its mainstream watershed is rich in sunshine and land resources, and is currently an important production base of cereals, cotton, fruits and deer raising. However, many ecological environment problems, such as the deterioration of water quality, drawdown of groundwater level, reduction of the areas of forests, land desertification, secondary soil salinization, and sharp reduction of area of the “Green Corridor' in the lower reaches, occur in the Tarim River watershed due to the excessive exploitation and utilization of water resources and land reclamation. The serious ecological environmental status is threatening the production of agriculture and animal husbandry as well as the sustainable development of the watershed. In this paper, the index system and the mathematical model are developed for evaluating the compositive ecological benefits of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River by using the analytic hierarchy process based on the fundamentals of regeneration ecology. A case study is carried out in 33rd Regiment, Second Division, Xinjiang Group Company of Production and Construction, and the compositive ecological benefits of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are evaluated and compared with the agro-ecosystems. The results show that the ecological benefit indexes of all the types of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting, such as the ecological forests, economic forests and herbage grasslands, are higher than that of the agro-ecosystems. The compositive ecological benefit indexes are in an order of economic forests>ecological forests>herbage grasslands>cotton fields. The study results can be referred in the ecological regeneration of withdrawing from farming to afforesting and grass planting in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River.