普鲁斯特《追忆似水年华》的多声部叙事艺术

Various Ways of Narration in Retrospecting the Past Years---A Brief View About the Narrative Ways to Retrospect the Past Years

普鲁斯特的《追忆似水年华》发展了第一人称写法:叙述者不等于作者,他的经历与作者的生平不同;叙述者不仅叙述自己的经历,还转述听到的早于自己出生的事和将来得知的事,用事件见证人的视角代替叙述者的视角,或插入括号来表达他人的心理活动。有时作家也插入进来,以自己的观察代替人物的观察,以自己的感情表达人物的感情,或让叙述者不断变换地点来叙述。整部小说是一个连续的多声部演奏的长篇内心独白。

Proust developed the first person ways. The narrator is not equal to the writer, for his experience is not similar to the writer's. The narrator not only tells his story ,but also retails the matters which was known and would be known in the future, Proust used the visual angle of the eyewitness to replace the narrator's, or expressed the mental activity of others. Hence ,the whole novel became a long innermost monologue with a sequential voice. But sometimes, the writer also cut in and substituted the characters' observation and expressed the feeling with his own, or let the narrator tell the story in different places.