股份制:马克思主义发展史上的“之”字型弯路——对中共十六届三中全会《决定》有关论述的经济哲学思考

Shareholding System:A Crooked Development of Marxism——Economic-philosophical Reflections upon The Resolution at the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteenth Central Committee of the CPC

《资本论》最精彩的部分之一 ,是其对股份制的分析及预见。它认为 ,由于生产力发展的要求 ,企业逐渐向股份制演进 ,形成“两权分离” ,即企业财产所有权和占有 (即法律上的经营权 )的分离是客观趋势 ;“两权分离”必然导致企业财产占有使用社会化。由此出发 ,马克思曾设想通过股份制实现社会主义 ,但“反修”使马克思科学的股份制理论被长期淡化 ,形成社会主义经济的近百年曲折。中共十六届三中全会《决定》直接继承并发挥了马克思科学的股份制理论 ,实现了关于社会主义公有制理念的一大突破 ,即使股份制成为社会主义公有制主要实现形式。可以把这种“新公有制”称为“股份制社会主义” ,它实际上也是在“重建个人所有制”(马克思语 ) ,为包括个人自由全面发展在内的共产主义创造经济和主体的前提。

The prediction and analysis of share-holding system is among the cream of The Capital. It suggests that share-holding system emerges as a result of productivity growth,which in turn causes the 'separation of two rights',namely,the separation of the enterprise's ownership from managerial rights. This separation naturally leads to the socialization of the enterprise's property. Based on this theory,Marx conceived of building socialism through share-holding system. Unfortunately,this Marxist theory has long been ignored due to the 'anti-revisionism' movement,and socialist economy has suffered a crooked development for some 100 years. The Resolution at the Third Plenary Session of the Sixteen Central Committee of the CPC inherits and develops Marx's share-holding system,realizing a break-through in the socialist theory of public ownership,and making share-holding system a major form of public ownership. This 'new public ownership' can be rightly called 'share-holding socialism',which in effect is 'rebuilding private ownership' (Marx' words),providing the economic and subject base of Communism (including the all-round development of the individual).