德与周代宗教意识

The Morality and Religious consciousness of Zhou Dynasty

周人重德 ,其“德”观念主要运用于政治领域。在周代 ,“德”乃受命开基之本 ,长保社稷之所系 ,为贵族阶级所特有 ;是以周天子和诸侯为中心包括整个贵族阶级在内的统治阶级向四方辐射的控制和统摄力量 ;是建立在宗法分封基础上 ,处理多层面政治关系的手段。

For a long time, the concept of the morality has been naturally regarded as an important element in pre-Qin's ideological history sphere. But in fact, the true meaning contained by the word of the morality much more touched upon the social political problems, and not only the pure ideological ethics questions no matter it was viewed from the documents or the inscription on wine vessels. The men of Zhou stressed the morality and mainly employed its concept to political area. In Zhou Dynasty, the morality was the base to be a founder and the key to long keep the state and it also was peculiar to aristocrat class; Moreover, the morality not only was a kind of controling power that was radiated in all directions from the emperor of Zhou and the dukes including the whole aristocrat class, also was a kind of means founded on the patriarchal clan enfeoffment to handle multilevel political relationship.